Any device that uses mechanical forces to transport things from one place to another. This includes vehicles like cars, trucks, bikes, and scooters. But it also includes things like boats, trains, and planes.
Different types of vehicles have different design requirements. For example, an SUV needs to be able to handle off-road conditions.
Function
A vehicle is a device for transporting people or cargo. It can be powered by humans or animals, or it can use its own mechanical engines to move itself and anything it carries. It may be a car, truck, bus, airplane, boat or anything else that moves on land, in the air or on water. It can also be a robot or any other machine that performs a task for us, like cleaning the floor or cutting wood. It can even be an insect or a disease, such as a bacterium or virus, that is passed from one organism to another.
But not everything that fits those descriptions is considered a vehicle. For example, horses are not vehicles, though they can be used to haul things and provide public transportation in some places. A vehicle has to meet certain requirements and be capable of carrying people or cargo. It must be able to move itself and its cargo, so wheels are a requirement, as are engines. 서울운전연수
Design
Styling often takes a back seat to features and practicality in vehicle development, but it is vitally important. It is a discipline that encompasses everything from the appearance of a car’s exterior and interior surfaces to its overall form and look.
Designers must take into account market demands and consumer preferences as they work to create innovative and forward-thinking designs. They also need to ensure that their vehicles meet safety and regulatory requirements.
The design process is highly collaborative and involves a team of people from various departme 서울운전연수 nts, including engineering, production, manufacturing, and marketing. Depending on the project, it can take up to three years for a design to go from concept to showroom-ready vehicle.
One of the most challenging aspects of vehicle design is called packaging, or fitting all the components that make up a car into specific dimensions. For example, designers must fit in the engine and occupants while ensuring that air is circulated around the radiator. This can be accomplished in a number of ways, from engine-bay underfloor solutions to clever repositioning of cooling elements (see the Mercedes A-Class).
Locomotion
The locomotion capabilities of a vehicle determine how it moves around. The most common type of locomotion is using wheels, which can be used to move on land and water. Other types of locomotion include using continuous tracks, which can be used to move over various types of terrain and surfaces.
One of the main principles of locomotion is Newton’s third law of motion. This explains how action-reaction force pairs cause vehicles to move. For example, when the tires of a car spin on a road, they push the road backwards. But this force must be countered by a forward-moving force to keep the car on its path.
The same principle applies to boats, airplanes and trains. In fact, any device that can transport people and objects can be considered a vehicle, although cars are the most popular type of vehicles. But it’s important to remember that a car is not just a vehicle – it’s a specific kind of vehicle. For example, four male friends who want to support their favourite soccer team can emit less CO2 by jogging to the stadium than by boarding a hybrid car and driving there.
Energy
The energy capabilities of a vehicle depend on its type, and primarily include the fuel or electricity used. Alternatively, it can also refer to the number of metres that a vehicle can cover with one joule of energy. In this context, the term energy efficiency is often used, although this is generally more associated with liquid fuels and thus linked to a specific means of propulsion.
PHEV operate in both combustion and all-electric mode depending on the driving conditions. This is reflected in the utility factor, which defines the proportion of the total distance driven that is covered by all-electric driving. This share is calculated from a combination of assumptions relating to driving behaviour, the IC engine’s load and the vehicle’s battery capacity.
Similarly, battery lifetimes are highly uncertain and are dependent on cycling, calendric ageing and the charging regime. Therefore, broad ranges are used in LCA calculations, and results are presented in the Supporting Information with and without this uncertainty.
Safety
In addition to the different ways in which vehicles function, they also differ in their safety capabilities. A boat will sink in water, a bicycle can’t be used on rocky terrain and most airplanes need distance and lengthy runways to operate safely. Because of this, many types of vehicles are regulated differently and often have to be equipped with specific safety equipment. These include seat belts in cars, helmets on motorcycles and bicycles and fire extinguishers on boats, buses and passenger aircraft. ISO 13849-1 2006 includes step-by-step procedures for developing worksystem safety capability index (WSCI) which support the assessment of safetycapability of vehicles.